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AIs and their limitations

 AI popularity and useage has been growing exponentially. There are 6 majors AIs and they have their own strengths and weaknesses. 

1. GPT-4.5 (OpenAI)

Exceptional broad knowledge, natural language processing, and creative content generation; integrates reasoning from o-series for complex tasks.

High cost for API usage; can produce hallucinations or biased outputs in niche scenarios.

2. Grok 3 (xAI)

Powerful reasoning and truth-seeking capabilities; trained on massive scale with Colossus supercomputer for accurate, insightful responses.

Limited multimodal features compared to competitors; access restricted to subscribers on certain platforms.

3. Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google)

Superior multimodal understanding (text, images, video); massive context window (over 1M tokens) for handling long documents and complex queries.

Slower response times in Deep Think mode; occasional inconsistencies in creative tasks.

4. Claude 4 (Anthropic)

Top-tier coding and technical writing; strong ethical alignment and natural language generation for collaborative development.

Lacks persistent memory across sessions; higher latency for very large-scale computations.

5. Llama 4 (Meta)

Highly customizable open-source model; efficient for on-device deployment and fine-tuning in specialized applications.

Requires significant computational resources for optimal performance; less out-of-the-box reasoning than closed models.

6. DeepSeek R1 

(DeepSeek AI)Outstanding cost-efficiency (up to 30x cheaper); excels in complex STEM reasoning and research tasks.

Primarily text-focused with limited multimodal support; potential language biases toward English/Chinese contexts.

GPT-4.5 (OpenAI) Broad consumer base, especially 18-34 year olds (53% of users); mid-career professionals (35-54, 33%); 56% male, 44% female; strong in US (77M MAU), India, Brazil; appeals to students, writers, and general users for everyday tasks.Creative writing, email drafting, education, entertainment; 700M+ weekly active users; integrated into apps and APIs for broad accessibility.

Grok 3 (xAI)Under 35s (51%); 60-67% male; X (Twitter) users, Elon Musk fans, young tech enthusiasts; integrated with Telegram's 10M premium users; appeals to researchers and casual conversationalists.Real-time news/trends via X, coding, research, image generation; 18.8M users, surging post-Grok 3 launch; popular for sentiment analysis in crypto trading.

Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google)25-34 year olds (30-31%); 58% male, 42% female; global reach via Google ecosystem (US 18%, India 9%); students, researchers, professionals using Workspace/Search.Research (40%), productivity/creativity (50%); 350-450M MAU; embedded in Android, YouTube, enterprise tools like Salesforce/Adobe.

Claude 4 (Anthropic)Developers/programmers (37% of tasks coding-related); 18-34 year olds (52-77% male); enterprises (300K+), educators, scientists; high adoption in tech firms like Rakuten.Coding (Claude Code: 115K devs, 195M lines/week), technical writing, education/science; $5B run-rate revenue; strong in ethical AI/enterprise workflows.

Llama 4 (Meta)AI developers/researchers, startups, open-source communities; integrated into Meta apps (3.4B+ MAU across platforms); appeals to indie devs and cost-conscious builders.Custom fine-tuning, on-device deployment, multimodal apps; no direct consumer MAU tracked, but powers Meta AI for billions via Facebook/Instagram/WhatsApp.

DeepSeek R1 (DeepSeek AI)Young users (18-34, 60-70%); 66% male; cost-sensitive developers, students in Asia/US; rapid growth post-launch.STEM reasoning, coding, research; 97M MAU, 57M+ downloads; popular for affordable API access in education/career development.

Ski Down from the top of Mount Everest!

 Andrzej Bargiel, became the first person to ski down from the summit of Mount Everest to base camp without supplemental oxygen. Andrzej Bargiel is a Polish ski mountaineer, born on April 18, 1988, in Łętownia, Poland. Renowned for his high-altitude skiing feats, he gained global recognition as the first person to ski down Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen on September 22, 2025. He reached the summit after a 16-hour climb in the "death zone" above 8,000 meters, where oxygen levels are critically low, then immediately began his descent on skis via the South Col route. Due to nightfall and heavy snow, he stopped at Camp II (around 6,400 meters) and continued the next morning through the Khumbu Icefall, guided partly by a drone flown by his brother Bartek, arriving safely at base camp.

This marked his third attempt at the feat and built on his earlier achievements, such as being the first to ski down K2 without oxygen in 2018. Previous ski descents from Everest, like Slovenian Davorin Karničar's in 2000, relied on bottled oxygen. While over 7,000 people have summited Everest, fewer than 200 have done so without oxygen, and none had skied down until Bargiel.

His notable achievements include:

• First ski descent of K2 (8,611 meters) without oxygen in 2018, a world record.
• First ski descent of Broad Peak (8,051 meters) in 2015.
• Record-breaking ascent and ski descent of Manaslu (8,163 meters) in 2014.
• Multiple ski descents in the Himalayas, including Yawash Sar II and Laila Peak.

Below are notable attempts and successes by others, with details on their use of oxygen or specific challenges:

• Davorin Karničar (Slovenia): In 2000, Karničar became the first person to complete a full ski descent from Everest’s summit to base camp. He skied the South Col route but used supplemental oxygen during his climb and descent, unlike Bargiel. His descent took about five hours and was a significant milestone in ski mountaineering.
• Yuichiro Miura (Japan): In 1970, Miura, a Japanese skier and adventurer, attempted a ski descent from the South Col (around 8,000 meters) as part of the "Everest Skiing Project." Using a parachute to control speed, he skied roughly 2,000 meters down the Lhotse Face but crashed and slid, stopping short of a crevasse. He used oxygen and did not start from the summit, so it wasn’t a complete descent.
• Hans Kammerlander (Italy): In 1996, Kammerlander, an experienced mountaineer, skied from approximately 8,600 meters (just below Everest’s summit) down the North Face. He used supplemental oxygen and did not complete the descent to base camp, stopping at advanced base camp due to conditions.
• Jimmy Chin, Kit DesLauriers, and Rob DesLauriers (USA): In 2006, this American trio skied from Everest’s summit down the South Col route. Kit DesLauriers became the first woman to ski from the summit. All three used supplemental oxygen during their climb and descent, and their effort was documented in the film The Ski Project. Their descent was successful but relied on oxygen support.
• Andrzej Bargiel’s earlier attempts: Bargiel himself tried skiing Everest without oxygen twice before his 2025 success. His first attempt in 2019 was aborted due to dangerous snow conditions and avalanche risks. A second attempt in a prior year (exact date unclear) was also abandoned due to poor weather and route conditions. These failures highlight the extreme difficulty of the feat, even for an elite skier like Bargiel.

Tell me about Nepal?

 Nepal, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country located in South Asia. Here are some key points about Nepal:

1. Geography: Nepal is situated mainly in the Himalayas, bordered by China to the north and India to the east, south, and west. The country is known for its diverse geography, ranging from the lowland Terai plains to the highest peaks in the world, including Mount Everest.
   

2. Capital: The capital and largest city of Nepal is Kathmandu. It serves as the cultural, political, and economic center of the country.

3. Population and Language: Nepal has a diverse population of around 30 million people. Nepali is the official language, but there are several regional languages and ethnic groups that contribute to the country's cultural richness.

Most Popular AIs and Their Usage by Country

Determining the "most popular" artificial intelligence (AI) systems involves looking at user adoption, market share, and application areas, often measured by user base, website visits, or survey data. Below, I summarize the most prominent AIs, their primary uses, and available data on user percentages by country, based on recent statistics and trends. Note that precise, up-to-date percentages for every AI across all countries are limited, so I’ll provide the most reliable data available, supplemented by broader trends where specific figures are unavailable.

1. ChatGPT (OpenAI)

• Description: A conversational AI model based on GPT architecture, used for text generation, answering questions, and task assistance.
• Primary Uses:
  • Customer service (chatbots)
  • Content creation (writing, marketing)
  • Education (tutoring, research)
  • Personal productivity (task automation)
• Popularity and User Percentages:
  • United States:
    • 46% of generative AI users in the U.S. used ChatGPT in the past month (CivicScience, May 2025).
    • Estimated 60 million monthly active users (MAU) in the U.S., part of a global 600 million MAU (court documents cited on X).
  • Global:
    • ChatGPT had 14.6 billion visits in 2023, making it the most visited AI tool globally.
    • 800 million weekly active users worldwide (X post, May 2025).
    • Brazil: 82% of residents use AI technologies, with ChatGPT likely a significant contributor (KPMG study).
    • India: 81% AI usage, again with ChatGPT as a major player.
    • Netherlands: 58% AI usage, with 53% awareness, suggesting strong ChatGPT penetration.
    • South Korea: 85% subjective AI knowledge, indicating high ChatGPT adoption.
    • China: 82% AI knowledge, but ChatGPT’s usage is limited due to restrictions; local alternatives dominate.
    • Japan: Only 25% have high/moderate AI understanding, suggesting lower ChatGPT penetration.
• Notes: ChatGPT dominates globally due to its versatility and accessibility. Its usage is highest in countries with high internet penetration and fewer restrictions, like the U.S., Brazil, and India. In China, government restrictions limit its reach.

2. Google Gemini

• Description: Google’s multimodal AI model, succeeding Bard, capable of processing text, images, audio, and video.
• Primary Uses:
  • Search enhancement (Google Search)
  • Productivity tools (Google Workspace)
  • Developer tools (APIs for app integration)
  • Consumer applications (voice assistants, smart home devices)
• Popularity and User Percentages:
  • United States:
    • 37% of generative AI users in the U.S. used Gemini in the past month, closing the gap with ChatGPT (CivicScience, May 2025).
    • 350 million MAU globally, with significant U.S. contribution (court documents).
  • Global:
    • 241 million visits to Google Bard (predecessor to Gemini) in 2023, ranking 6th among AI tools.
    • 1.4 billion daily queries globally, indicating strong adoption in search-related AI (X post, May 2025).
  • Other Countries:
    • Specific percentages are scarce, but Gemini’s integration into Google’s ecosystem (Search, Android, Chrome) suggests high usage in countries with strong Google penetration, such as the U.S., India, and Europe.
• Notes: Gemini’s growth is fueled by Google’s vast ecosystem, making it a strong competitor to ChatGPT, especially in search and productivity applications. Its adoption is likely high in English-speaking and tech-forward countries.

Bijaya Dashami: History and Significance

 Dashain, also known as Dashami,Vijayadashami or Dussehra, is one of the most significant festivals in Nepal, celebrated by Hindus across the country and in some regions of India and Bhutan. In India, it's particularly prominent in states like West Bengal, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. This festival typically spans 15 days, culminating in the main celebration on the day of Dashami.

Historical and Mythological Background

Dashain commemorates the victory of the goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil. The festival is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology, with stories of various deities, particularly Durga, who embodies strength and power. The festival also marks the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana

Significance of Dashain

1. Victory of Good Over Evil: Dashain represents the eternal battle between good and evil, emphasizing the importance of righteousness.

2. Family Reunion: It is a time for families to come together, often involving long journeys back to ancestral homes.

3. Worship and Rituals: During Dashain, people perform rituals to honor their deities, particularly the goddess Durga, and seek blessings for health, prosperity, and success.

4. Animal Sacrifice: In some communities, animal sacrifices are made as offerings to appease the deities.

Celebrations and Traditions

• Ghatasthapana: The festival begins with Ghatasthapana, where a sacred jar (ghata) filled with water is placed in a sacred space, marking the start of the nine-day Navaratri.

• Navaratri: The first nine days are dedicated to the worship of Durga, where each day is associated with a different form of the goddess.

• Dashami: The tenth day, Dashami, is the climax of the festival, where families receive blessings from elders, often accompanied by the exchange of tika (a mixture of rice, yogurt, and vermilion) and jamara (barley grass).

• Feasting and Celebrations: The festival is marked by feasting, social gatherings, and various cultural activities, including dances and music.

  Common Practices

1. Rituals and Pujas: People perform rituals to bid farewell to Goddess Durga, often involving immersion of her idol in water bodies. Special prayers and offerings are made.

2. Ramlila and Dussehra Melas: In many places, theatrical performances called Ramlila are held, depicting the life of Lord Rama. Effigies of Ravana, Meghnath, and Kumbhkaran are burned in public displays, symbolizing the defeat of evil.

3. Family Gatherings: Families come together to celebrate, share festive meals, and exchange sweets.

4. Cultural Events: Various cultural activities, including dance, music, and art performances, are organized to mark the occasion.

5. New Beginnings: It’s considered an auspicious time to start new ventures or buy new items, symbolizing the triumph of good fortune.

Dashain is not only a religious observance but also a time of joy, cultural expression, and familial bonding. It reflects the rich traditions of Nepal and the enduring themes of hope and resilience in the face of adversity.